When it comes to communicating through writing, reading, or speaking, the tone used can greatly alter the meaning of our words. In this article, we will delve into the concept of tone, how it is created, and the various types of tone that exist.
It's important to note that you are likely already familiar with tone, as you use different tones in different social settings.
Just like how a novel's tone may change as the story unfolds, the tone of our own writing may also shift depending on the situation. For example, if a character is in trouble, the tone may become more urgent. The same principle applies to our written communication. When writing an email to a teacher, a casual and humorous tone would be inappropriate, as a more professional and direct tone would be more appropriate. In verbal interactions, tone also plays a significant role in conveying meaning.
Throughout this article, we will define tone in English, provide examples of different types of tone, and explore how tone affects both written and verbal communication.
In the study of the English language, tone refers to the use of pitch, volume, and other sound qualities, such as tempo, to convey meaning in language. This means that tone is created when individuals use pitch to alter the meaning of their words and grammar in speech. In writing, where there is no pitch or volume, tone refers to the author's attitude toward a subject and how it affects the overall mood of the text. Tone in writing can also be influenced by factors such as plot and the progression of events. This can be achieved through the use of capitalization, punctuation, word choice, figurative language, and imagery.
In your studies of the English language and daily interactions, you will come across a variety of tones. These tones can convey different emotions and attitudes and reflect the events happening around you. Often, tones can be paired with their opposite counterparts. Here are some examples of tone pairs in English:
These are just some examples, as there are many other types of tone that can be used in different interactions. Can you think of any other types of tone? What tones do you often encounter when speaking with friends and family?
As mentioned earlier, different tones can be created in different ways, depending on the mode of delivery. The mode of delivery refers to how an exchange takes place, whether it is through verbal or written communication. Some strategies that can be used to create different tones include:
These are just a few examples, as there are many other techniques used to create tone.
When considering the definition of tone, we must remember that factors such as pitch, volume, and tempo play a significant role in creating a particular tone. This means that in verbal communication, we can manipulate these elements to convey different tones. For example, in a situation where there is a fire in the classroom and you need to alert others, you would use a tone of urgency. Instead of calmly saying, "Guys, I think there's a fire over there," you would instead loudly and quickly exclaim, "FIRE! There's a fire in the chemistry lab!" This change in volume, pitch, and speed creates a sense of urgency and effectively captures people's attention.
The tone of voice used in a particular situation can convey the seriousness of the matter at hand. For example, if a student is constantly disrupting the class, the teacher would use a serious tone instead of a casual one. Instead of saying, "Hey James! Why don't we try not to disturb our classmates, huh?" the teacher might say, "James, I've warned you before. If you continue to act up, I'll have to involve the headmaster." By speaking in a lower and slower voice, the teacher communicates the gravity of the situation.
Tone is not only created through changes in pitch and volume, but also through word choice and the use of non-lexical conversation sounds. These include sounds like "ahh", "mm-hmm", and "uh-huh" that add meaning to an utterance and contribute to the overall tone of the conversation. In the example of an "urgent" tone, the repeated word "fire" highlights the urgency of the situation. Conversely, the use of the non-lexical conversation sound "huh" in the "serious" tone example would convey a more casual and familiar tone, instead of the desired seriousness. Similarly, in the "excited" tone example, the use of non-lexical conversation sounds such as "woohoo" and "ahhhh" amplifies the speaker's excitement.
In contrast to verbal communication, writing lacks the advantage of pitch and volume. Therefore, writers must utilize various techniques to convey a sense of tone, such as capitalization and punctuation.
Let's take the same scenarios and tones mentioned above and see how they could be portrayed in written form. In a piece of fiction, the urgency in the classroom could be conveyed through dialogue like, "There's smoke coming out of the chemistry lab window," Sarah gasped, her eyes widening. "What did you say?" Miss Smith stopped writing on the whiteboard and turned around. "There's smoke coming out of the chemistry window! FIRE! Everyone, get out now!" The use of capitalization and exclamation marks amplifies the urgency in the situation.
In conclusion, the ability to manipulate tone through changes in pitch, volume, and tempo, along with word choice and non-lexical conversation sounds, is crucial in effective communication. In writing, the use of capitalization and punctuation can help convey different tones and enhance the reader's understanding of the characters and their emotions.
In this example, a student named Sarah reacted quickly when she noticed smoke in the classroom. Initially stunned by the sight, her tone quickly turned urgent when her teacher, Miss Smith, asked her to repeat what she said. The use of exclamation marks after each sentence indicates Sarah's increasing volume, while capitalized words like 'FIRE' and 'NOW' show that she is now shouting, adding to the sense of urgency.
Miss Smith turned around upon hearing a pencil case hit the floor. A student named James had knocked over another student named Beth's pencil case for the third time that week. Beth's reaction, whether of embarrassment or anger, remained unclear. Meanwhile, James leaned back in his chair with a smirk, crossing his arms. "James, pack up your things immediately and report to Mr. Jones' office. This will be your last disruption in my class," Miss Smith's voice was stern and unemotional.
In this example, Miss Smith had reached her limit with James' disruptive behavior and her sentences were short, simple and ended with full stops to create a menacing yet serious tone.Speaking with a serious tone can make someone sound cold and emotionless. - pixabay.com
Nancy squealed behind Bella, "Ahhhh Bellaaaa!" Bella playfully pushed Nancy away, saying "Oh my gosh, what? That was so loud and unnecessary." Nancy responded with a little dance, saying "Guess whose birthday is in five days...MINE!!!"
In this example, we see that Nancy's excitement is evident through her elongated words like "Ahhhh Bellaaaa!" that give the impression of a high-pitched voice. The use of multiple exclamation marks also emphasizes her volume, while the word 'MINE' in all capitals suggests that she shouted it, amplifying the tone of excitement.
Aside from changes in pitch and volume, tone can also be conveyed through word choices and imagery. In the example of a classroom emergency, Sarah's gasp and Miss Smith's stern and unemotional tone add to the sense of urgency. On the other hand, Nancy's excitement for her birthday is emphasized through her squeal and dance, as well as the all-caps word 'MINE'. These choices create a clear tone for the reader, enhancing their understanding of the emotions and atmosphere within the story.
Through descriptive language, writers can effectively create and convey a specific tone to their readers. In the event of a classroom fire, Sarah's widening eyes add urgency to the situation, painting a vivid mental image for the reader. In a more serious tone, Miss Smith's voice can be described as "cold as steel," further intensifying the gravity of the situation. In a separate example, Nancy's "little dance" while shouting adds to the excitement portrayed by the imagery.
Figurative language techniques, such as metaphors and similes, can also contribute to the creation of tone. For instance, comparing David's bald head to a "shining lighthouse" in a "sea of hairy heads" creates a humorous tone. In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the metaphor comparing a ceiling to a "frosted wedding cake" emphasizes luxury and wealth, possibly with a hint of disdain towards extravagant decor.
As Tracy slipped on the icy pavement, she felt a sharp snap in her ankle as pain engulfed her like a tsunami. This comparison to a natural disaster intensifies the severity of her injury and establishes a serious tone. The reader is left with a sense of anxiety as the outcome of Tracy's situation remains uncertain.
In Clement Clarke Moore's poem, "A Visit From St. Nicholas," two similes are used to depict the features of St. Nicholas. His smile is compared to an archery bow, and his beard is likened to the color of snow. These comparisons create an image of a kind and joyful character, setting a warm and welcoming tone. The mention of snow further adds to the cozy atmosphere, as children eagerly wait for St. Nicholas to visit them in their beds.
The creaky old boat protested as the rough waves repeatedly crashed against the dock. The use of personification here, attributing human-like qualities to the boat, generates a suspenseful tone, hinting at potential consequences from the turbulent weather. The reader can sense the possibility of an unfortunate event occurring.
The nursery rhyme "Hey Diddle Diddle" tells the story of the dish and the spoon running away together. The use of personification adds a playful and fantastical tone, creating a dream-like atmosphere.
Tone refers to the attitude or perspective of the writer or speaker, conveyed through pitch, volume, and tempo in speech. In writing, tone can be established through word choices, punctuation, capitalization, and imagery. It is a crucial element in communication, as it can significantly alter the meaning of a message.
Non-lexical conversation sounds, such as groans or laughter, also play a role in setting the tone. In written text, tone can be identified by considering the language used and the emotions conveyed.
There are various types of tone that can be utilized in both written and verbal interactions. Some examples include formal, informal, serious, humorous, optimistic, aggressive, friendly, and worried. Essentially, any emotion can be translated into a tone.
In writing, the four fundamental components of tone are humor, formality, respectfulness, and enthusiasm. These elements determine the tone of a text and shape the reader's perception of it. In verbal communication, pitch, volume, and tempo also play a significant role in establishing tone.
In order to determine the tone in a text, one can consider the following factors:
When reading a text, there are certain elements that can provide insight into the intended tone of the author. Descriptive language, such as adjectives and adverbs, can reveal a lot about the overall tone of a piece. Similarly, the use of punctuation and capitalization can also convey a certain tone to the reader.
In literature, tone refers to the various qualities of a sound or text and the emotions or atmosphere they evoke. It sets the mood and helps to shape the reader's interpretation of the text.
