Poetic voice is a term often used in the literary world, but what exactly does it entail? In this article, we will dive into the definition of poetic voice, its purpose, and its significance in poetry. We will also examine how writers utilize this concept to effectively communicate their thoughts and connect with readers.
Poetic voice can be described as the unique way an individual expresses themselves through language, as stated by renowned poet Tony Hoagland. Its purpose is to establish a connection between the poet and the reader, allowing for a better understanding of the message and perspective of the poem's speaker.
To grasp the concept of poetic voice in literature, it is first necessary to identify its key elements. These include grammar and syntax, form, literary devices, and subject matter.
Both grammar and syntax play pivotal roles in the development of poetic voice. Grammar refers to the structure of sentences and phrases to convey meaning, while syntax focuses on the arrangement of words to form a sentence. These elements influence the tone and type of sentence used, whether it is a statement, question, or command.
For example, in her poem "how do you turn," poet Rupi Kaur omits punctuation and capitalization, creating a conversational and informal tone that makes the reader feel intimately connected to her words. The lack of punctuation also mirrors the constant flow of her thoughts, akin to the running water she describes herself as in the poem.
Kaur also strategically begins each stanza with the adverb "how," suggesting a rhetorical question without actual punctuation. This adds depth to the poem, allowing the reader to interpret the answer and adding to its enigmatic and alluring nature.
In addition, Kaur's consistent avoidance of capital letters adds to her unique poetic voice and makes her work easily recognizable.
The form of a poem, which includes line and stanza length, rhyming pattern, and rhythm, also contributes to its poetic voice. Different types of poems follow specific structures that can enhance the poet's message and impact the reader's interpretation.
For example, the Villanelle is a type of poem with nineteen lines divided into five tercets and one quatrain. The first and last lines of the first stanza are repeated throughout the poem, known as the refrain. The rhyming pattern is written as ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA, with the last words of the first and third lines rhyming and the second lines of each stanza also rhyming.
The strict structure of the Villanelle allows for a more complex and layered meaning to be conveyed, emphasizing key ideas and encouraging readers to delve deeper into the poet's message.
Other crucial elements of poetic voice include literary devices, such as metaphor and figurative language, as well as the chosen subject matter. These elements provide poets with the tools to express their thoughts and perspectives in unique and captivating ways, further developing their distinct poetic voices.
In conclusion, poetic voice is a vital aspect of poetry that establishes a connection between the poet and the reader. Through the use of grammar, syntax, form, literary devices, and subject matter, poets have the power to effectively convey their message and leave a lasting impact on their audience.
One well-known example of a Villanelle can be found in Dylan Thomas' poem "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" (1951).
In this piece, the speaker passionately urges their father to fight against death, referred to as the "good night". The repetition of the first and third lines emphasizes the speaker's anger and desperation towards death. This form effectively conveys the individual thoughts and emotions of the speaker, showcasing the poet's distinct poetic voice.
Literary devices are techniques used by poets to enhance the meaning and voice of their work. These include repetition, alliteration, sibilance, assonance, rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language (e.g. metaphor, simile, personification, etc.).
A prime example of how literary devices amplify poetic voice can be found in T.S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915). The use of repetition, such as the famous lines "In the room the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo," adds to the monotony and mundane nature of the protagonist's life, effectively conveying his sense of isolation and lack of purpose. The use of sibilance and assonance also adds to the lyrical and melancholic tone of the poem, further enhancing the poet's unique voice.
Published in 1910/1911, T.S. Eliot's poem "Preludes" is a masterpiece divided into four parts, with the first part exerted below:
As winter evening settles down,Whiffs of steaks fill the passageways.It's six o'clock.The smoky remains of days gone by.And now a gusty shower wrapsThe grimy scrapsOf faded leaves at your feetAnd papers from vacant lots;The showers beatOn shattered blinds and chimney-pots,And at the street cornerA lonesome cab-horse steams and stamps.And then the lighting of the lamps. - T.S. Eliot, 1910/1911
The skilled use of literary devices in this poem adds depth and emotion to the speaker's voice. Personification, as seen in the opening line, "The winter evening settles down", creates a relatable and intimate tone. The line, "with smell of steaks in passageways" utilizes sibilance to add rhythm and imagery to the poem.
Alliteration is another technique at play, evident in "shower beat on broken blinds", effectively echoing the sound of rain and further enhancing the flow of the poetic voice. The sporadic use of rhyme reflects the unpredictable nature of life, adding to the overall effect of the poem.
In conclusion, through their skilled use of repetition, alliteration, and other literary devices, poets can strengthen the emotional impact and individuality of their works. Villanelles and other forms of literature serve as powerful tools for poets to convey their unique poetic voices and connect with their readers.
Poetic voice adds a sense of spontaneity and authenticity to the tone of a poem, mirroring the unpredictability of life. It conveys the subject matter and sets the tone for the main themes of the poem. Some subjects may be straightforward, while others may require a deeper interpretation.
An example of this is seen in W.H. Auden's Funeral Blues (1938), where he writes:
Stop all the
