The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) is a renowned poem of the Romantic Movement, written by the esteemed poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. This epic work delves into themes of the supernatural, nature, and transformation and was published as part of the collaborative Lyrical Ballads (1798) by Coleridge and his colleague, William Wordsworth.
Biographical and Historical Context
Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Devonshire, England on October 21, 1772. The youngest of ten children, Coleridge's father, the vicar of Ottery Saint Mary, passed away when he was just ten years old. He received his education at Christ's Hospital, where he developed his poetic theories and style.
The poem was written during a tumultuous time in Britain, with war and political instability, including the French Revolutionary Wars, the Irish Rebellion, and the Anglo-Spanish wars. However, unlike some of Coleridge's other works, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner does not directly address these issues. Instead, it offers commentary on the Industrial Revolution and the societal shift towards urbanization and dependence on technology.
Literary Influence
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner was first published in 1798 as part of the Lyrical Ballads, a collection that marked the beginning of the British Romantic Movement. This movement was a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, logic, and scientific progress. Romanticism, on the other hand, focused on emotions, nature, and imagination.
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: A Poetic Exploration
This masterpiece is composed of seven sections and 143 stanzas, each with its own unique structure and rhyme scheme, conveying a variety of moods and rhythms. Coleridge also employs internal rhyme to add intrigue and variety to the poem.
The Use of Meter in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Similar to his approach to structure and rhyme, Coleridge's use of meter is also versatile and ever-changing in the poem. This dynamic use of meter adds to the overall effect and flow of the piece.
Meter is a versatile tool used in poetry to create rhythm, mood, and tone. It involves the use of different types of feet, such as iambs, to structure lines. Let's explore some examples of meter in various stanzas:
In this poem, an 'iamb' is a two-syllable foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. 'Penta' is derived from the Greek word meaning five. Therefore, an iambic pentameter has five iambs and ten syllables in a line with the pattern duh-DUH, duh-DUH, duh-DUH, duh-DUH, duh-DUH. Similarly, iambic tetrameter has four iambs with the pattern duh-DUH, duh-DUH, duh-DUH, duh-DUH, and iambic trimeter has three iambs with the pattern duh-DUH, duh-DUH, duh-DUH.
In 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner', Samuel Taylor Coleridge effectively uses literary devices such as personification, repetition, and alliteration to convey mood, tone, and rhythm.
Coleridge employs repetition on various levels, including letters, words, phrases, sentences, and stanzas. While repetition is often used to convey meaning, in this poem it primarily serves to create a poetic rhythm. Some examples include:
Alliteration, the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words, is another literary device heavily utilized by Coleridge in this poem. It serves to create a rhythmic effect, enhancing the overall impact of the piece.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a prominent poet of the Romantic era, beautifully employs various literary devices in his lyrical ballad, 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner', written in 1798.
Coleridge skillfully uses alliteration, the repetition of similar sounds, to create a musical effect and add emphasis to certain words or phrases. For instance, in the following stanza, the alliteration of the 's' sound creates a sense of movement and excitement:
Coleridge also utilizes personification, a literary device where human qualities are attributed to non-human objects, to portray the power struggle between man and nature. By giving nature human characteristics, Coleridge showcases the equal footing of man and nature. In the following lines, he personifies the storm as a tyrannical being with wings:
'And now the STORM-BLAST came, and he was tyrannous and strong: / He struck with his o'ertaking wings, and chased us south along' (stanza 12).
Imagery is another vital element in Coleridge's poem, as it appeals to the five human senses, making the story more vivid and relatable. In the two stanzas below, Coleridge uses imagery to effectively convey the sudden change in weather:
The albatross, a traditional symbol of good luck for sailors, holds a central role in this epic poem. However, its meaning shifts throughout the story, representing both fortune and punishment. It also symbolizes the relationship between nature and mankind. Some notable examples include:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' was published in 1798, making it one of the earliest examples of a Romantic-era Lyrical Ballad. Coleridge's masterful use of literary devices, combined with the poem's timeless themes, has solidified its place as a significant work of literature.
The poem explores a multitude of themes, including the complex relationship between humanity and nature, the supernatural, and transformation. These themes have resonated with readers for centuries and continue to be relevant in today's world.
Let's take a closer look at some of the key takeaways from this epic poem:
Nature's Importance
One of the central messages of the poem highlights the critical role of nature in our lives and the consequences of disregarding its power and significance.
The Poet and His Work
Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' remains one of the most iconic works of the Romantic era, showcasing his mastery as a poet and his ability to create thought-provoking pieces.
The Poem's Historical Context
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner was written during the peak of the Romantic era, between 1797 and 1798, when the movement was gaining momentum and influencing art and literature.
The Storyline
The poem follows the journey of a mariner who, without reason, kills an albatross. As a result, he faces supernatural retribution and learns a valuable lesson about the balance between humanity and nature.
The Length
Consisting of 143 stanzas, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is an epic poem, making it one of the lengthiest works of the Romantic era.
