Hilda Doolittle, known simply as HD, was a renowned American poet and author who played a crucial role in the Modernist literary movement. Her career spanned over fifty years, and her work was acclaimed for its feminist perspective.
Born in 1886 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Doolittle was the youngest and only daughter among six siblings. Her father, a prominent astronomy professor, aspired for her to become a scientist, but her affinity for the arts, much like her mother, was strong. Growing up in a close-knit Moravian community greatly influenced Doolittle's intellectual growth.
Despite her father's expectations, Doolittle formed significant relationships during her time at Bryn Mawr College in 1905. She formed friendships with fellow modernist poets such as Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, and Marianne Moore.
Doolittle's family consisted of five brothers, but she yearned for attention and approval from her artistic mother. However, her father forbade her from attending art school. She became briefly engaged to Pound, but their relationship ended when he moved to Europe. Doolittle then fell in love with art student Frances Josepha Gregg, and the two relocated to England in 1911.
In England, Doolittle reconnected with Pound and met Richard Aldington. Together, they founded the Imagist poetry movement, emphasizing the use of simple and direct language to convey vivid imagery. In 1913, Doolittle and Aldington got married, but they separated after the tragic stillbirth of their first child in 1915.
In 1918, Doolittle began a significant relationship with writer Bryher, born Annie Winnifred Ellerman. They lived together until 1946 and remained devoted to each other until Doolittle's death. In 1919, Doolittle gave birth to her daughter, Frances, fathered by composer Cecil Gray. Doolittle and Aldington officially divorced in 1938.
Doolittle and Bryher lived a simple life on Lake Geneva in the 1920s. It was during this time that Doolittle developed an interest in psychoanalysis, spending time in Vienna with Sigmund Freud. She turned to writing as a form of therapy, and her books, Bid Me to Live (1960) and Writing on the Wall (1944), were based on her personal experiences and emotions.
Despite her success as a poet, Doolittle was profoundly impacted by the First World War. She lost her brother and witnessed the emotional turmoil of her husband, who was a soldier. She also believed that her shock at the horrors of war caused her stillbirth. Doolittle's fear of another global conflict led her to spend the majority of her remaining years in Switzerland, with only brief visits back to England.
In 1961, Doolittle suffered a stroke and passed away in Zurich. Throughout her life, her writing explored themes of femininity, war, and psychoanalysis, establishing her as a leading figure in the Modernist literary movement and a pioneer for feminist critique.
Despite facing personal struggles and adversity, Hilda Doolittle's remarkable career as a writer continues to inspire and influence writers to this day. Her legacy as a groundbreaking poet and feminist lives on through her poignant and powerful works.
Hilda Doolittle, also known as HD, was a pioneering 20th century poet, author, and filmmaker whose literary works played a significant role in shaping the Imagist and Modernist movements. Her rebellion against traditional poetic styles and use of clear, concise language established her as a leading figure in the Imagist movement. Doolittle, a proud feminist, challenged societal norms and infused her work with a feminist perspective, making her a vital figure in feminist literary history.One of Doolittle's most notable literary achievements was the Madrigal cycle, a series of four novels published posthumously. These novels delved into Doolittle's past and relationships, providing an autobiographical account of her life. In the 1930s, she also published novellas as part of the Borderline cycle.Aside from her writing, Doolittle was also actively involved in the film industry. Along with her partners Bryher and Macpherson, she formed the POOL Group in 1927. They collaborated on the film Borderline (1930), with Doolittle taking on the roles of writer, director, and actor. The group also launched Close Up, a magazine focused on film criticism, where Doolittle was a regular contributor. Additionally, she published memoirs such as Writing on the Wall (1944), which recounted her experiences with psychoanalysis.During World War II, Doolittle returned to London and continued to produce poetry, memoirs, and prose. Her works received numerous awards and recognition, including becoming the first woman to win the American Academy of Arts and Letters medal in 1960.The moniker HD is often associated with Hilda Doolittle, likely stemming from her association with Ezra Pound. Pound signed Doolittle's name as HD and added the term "Imagiste" to a document, which Doolittle adopted. However, she frequently used other pseudonyms when publishing and shared different versions of the story.Throughout her lifetime, Doolittle published a variety of books, including prose pieces from her three cycles: Magna Graeca, Madrigal, and Borderline. Some of her most famous works, like HERmione (1981) and The Gift (1982), were inspired by her life and explored her relationships with women. They also revealed the truth that Aldington was not the father of her daughter Frances.Doolittle's poetry also received significant acclaim, with individual pieces published in magazines and collections. In Sea Garden (1916), she used the natural world as a backdrop for expressing her personal and poetic identity. In The Walls Do Not Fall (1944), she tackled the tragedies of both World Wars. And in Helen in Egypt (1961), she skillfully used Greek and Egyptian mythology to challenge patriarchal norms.Quotes from Doolittle's writings exemplify her writing style, such as this passage from HERmione: "Words were her plague and words were her redemption." This quote speaks to her struggles with producing quality writing and how it became her savior when inspiration struck.Another piece by Doolittle reads: "At least I have the flowers of myself, and my thoughts, no god can take that; I have the fervour of myself for a presence and my own spirit for light." Inspired by the story of Eurydice, this poem challenges readers' expectations and celebrates the unwavering essence of a woman, not bound by external influences.Classical mythology was a recurring theme in Doolittle's works, often serving as a symbol for women and their resilience. Through her writing, she shed light on the patriarchal structures that have long dominated these myths and stories.Works by Hilda Doolittle:
Poems by Hilda Doolittle:
Hilda Doolittle Quotes:
A statue of Helen of Troy, a prevalent subject for Doolittle, wikimedia
What inspired Doolittle's frequent incorporation of classical mythology in her writing?
Hilda Doolittle's writing style was revolutionary for its time, breaking away from traditional poetic conventions. As a pioneer of the Imagist movement, she believed in direct treatment of subjects, sparing use of words, and creating rhythmic verses. Along with the classic Imagist approach, Doolittle also incorporated free verse, disregarding structured rhyme schemes and meter. Her direct and intense style was influenced by her American background and perspective as a woman.
Doolittle drew inspiration for her poems from Greek myths, using her interpretations to challenge patriarchal ideals often found in these ancient tales. She drew particular inspiration from the works of Greek poet Sappho. As her career progressed, Doolittle's writing evolved thematically to explore the realm of the unconscious mind and psychoanalysis. Her poetry became more personal, reflecting her extensive research and time spent with renowned psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
Hilda Doolittle's legacy is a crucial part of feminist literary history. Though she was only recognized posthumously in the 1970s, her work continues to defy the primarily male-dominated literary canon. Doolittle's powerful feminist interpretations and critiques of patriarchal structures in both society and literature still resonate today, as scholars and readers embrace her unapologetic and raw perspective.
Thanks to this rediscovery, Doolittle's legacy is firmly established as a pioneering figure in the Imagist and Modernist movements. Her contributions to literature opened doors for future generations of feminist writers and continue to inspire readers with their bold and unapologetic perspective.
