Throughout the history of literature, prologues have had their moments of popularity, but their usefulness remains a topic of debate. While some writers find them effective, others consider them outdated and overdone. Despite this, prologues remain a common feature in both plays and novels. So, what exactly is a prologue and why do some writers choose to include one?
In simple terms, a prologue is a brief opening section in a novel or play that provides background information and introduces the characters. Unlike an introduction, which is a general term for presenting information or individuals to the reader or audience, a prologue is an independent section that can appear before a story begins. Its main purpose may be to explain events that will occur, set the scene, or introduce a recurring theme.
In plays, the prologue may be delivered by one of the characters, or by a designated 'chorus' performer. The chorus, a holdover from ancient Greek plays, was a group of actors who would recite together. Over time, this evolved into a single actor reciting the prologue before the main action begins.
The first recorded use of a prologue is credited to Euripides, in his play Medea, from 431 B.C. Another famous example is Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, written between 1387-1400. In Medea, the nurse character provides background information about Jason and his upcoming marriage to another princess, setting the stage for the rest of the play. Similarly, Chaucer's prologue to Canterbury Tales introduces over twenty characters and explains how they will each tell a tale on their pilgrimage to Canterbury.
In Shakespeare's time, prologues were often used to settle the audience down and give them an idea of what to expect in the chaotic atmosphere of the theatre. In his play Romeo and Juliet, the prologue serves as a way to prepare the audience for the tragic story that is about to unfold.
While the term "introduction" can refer to anything or anyone needing to be presented before a story begins, a prologue and a preface are specific types of introductions. An introduction, typically found in the front matter of non-fiction books, usually summarizes the main content and may provide some context or background information. On the other hand, a prologue and a preface are used to set the stage and provide background information specific to the story being told.
The inclusion or exclusion of a prologue in literature is often a matter of personal preference for the author. However, throughout history, it has proven to be a useful tool for setting the stage, introducing characters, and preparing the audience for the story to come. Whether you love or loathe them, prologues and epilogues have stood the test of time and continue to enhance the storytelling experience for readers and audiences alike.
When we think of horses, we imagine them galloping with pride and leaving hoof prints on the ground. In literature, this imagery is not handed to us, but rather created through the power of our minds. Just as in Shakespeare's Henry V, where the Chorus asks the audience to use their imagination to fill in the details of the story, we are reminded of how our thoughts can bring a performance to life.
From ancient texts to modern films, the literary devices of prologues and epilogues have stood the test of time. Though often praised and criticized, their importance in storytelling cannot be denied. They continue to be utilized in various forms of media as a way to enhance the overall impact of the narrative.
Take, for example, Peter Shaffer's play Amadeus, where he reintroduces the use of a Greek Chorus in a unique way. In total darkness, the audience hears whispers of "Salieri" and "Assassin" echoing throughout the theatre. This not only sets the scene, but also hints at the dramatic events that will unfold in the story. Through this technique, Shaffer effectively creates an atmosphere and prepares the audience for a story that will be told through flashbacks.
Similarly, in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Puck delivers an epilogue to close the play. He apologizes to the audience for any offenses and invites them to remember the story as if it were a dream. This closing speech serves as a reminder of the power of storytelling and its ability to transport us to different worlds.
Other examples of epilogues can be found in classic works such as Wilkie Collins' The Moonstone and The Woman in White. These endings tie up loose ends and offer a sense of closure for both the characters and audience.
In comparison, books like George Orwell's Animal Farm use epilogues to showcase the corrupting influence of power on those who possess it. They also serve as a warning and commentary on societal issues.
Epilogues in film are often used to hint at potential sequels. For example, in Stranger Things, the scene shifts to a prison cell where the supposedly dead sheriff is revealed to be alive and well. Similarly, in Shazam!, the antagonist is shown being approached by a talking doll, suggesting that their story is not yet over.
The use of prologues and epilogues in literature and film is subjective and depends on the author's purpose. Some may choose to dive straight into the story without any forewarning, while others may feel the need to provide additional context to the audience. Ultimately, the decision to include a prologue or epilogue lies with the author and their vision for the narrative.
In conclusion, prologues help to introduce the story and characters, while epilogues serve to bring closure and offer insights into the future. Prefaces, on the other hand, allow the author to provide context and explain their qualifications for writing the book. Whether a story requires a prologue or an epilogue is determined by the author's storytelling style and the story itself. As readers, we can appreciate the use of these literary devices to further enhance our understanding and enjoyment of a story.
