A Guide to Understanding Narrative Form

Narrative is the method of sharing a series of events that come together to create a story. This could be a work of fiction or non-fiction, such as a magazine article or short story. There are various forms of narrative and multiple ways to tell them. But what exactly is narrative form? Let's take a closer look.

Definition of Narrative Form

Narrative form refers to the specific techniques a writer or speaker utilizes to convey their story. It encompasses the structure, narration, and presentation of the plot.

Structure of Narrative Form

When examining narrative form, the structure of the story is an important consideration. There are many ways to structure a narrative, such as altering the point of view or changing the order of events. The choice of narration and presentation of plot can greatly impact how the story is perceived by the reader. Let's explore the different ways narrative form is used to suit the story being told.

Narrative Form: Narration

The first thing that may stand out in a story is the narration. The type of narration used can provide insight into the story's perspective. There are three primary types of narration commonly used in storytelling: first person, second person, and third person. The type of narrative chosen by the writer often dictates the type of narration used. For example, a memoir is typically written in first person, while non-fiction pieces are usually in third person. Let's take a closer look at each type of narration.

First-person Narration

In first-person narration, the story's narrator is actively involved in the events and presents their perspective on them. This type of narration uses pronouns like "I" or "we". Memoirs and autobiographies are typically written in first person, but it is also common in novels and short stories. In fiction, first-person narration allows the writer to withhold information from the reader, adding an element of mystery to the story. A classic example of first-person narration is Charlotte Bronte's novel Jane Eyre (1847).

Second-person Narration

Second-person narration is less frequently used. In this style, the reader is directly addressed by the narrator, creating a sense of involvement in the story. The narrator refers to the reader as "you". While not widely used in literature, an example of second-person narration is Jay McInerney's Bright Lights, Big City (1984).

Third-person Narration

The third-person narrator is not a character in the story and uses pronouns like "he", "she", and "they". There are two types of third-person narration: omniscient and limited. In third-person omniscient, the narrator knows the thoughts, feelings, and actions of all characters, giving the writer the opportunity to explore relationships between multiple characters. An example of third-person omniscient is Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace (1869). On the other hand, third-person limited narration only knows the thoughts and actions of one character, often the protagonist. An example is Cloud Atlas (2004).

Narrative Form: Types of Narrative

While there are numerous ways to tell a story, there are only four main types of narrative. These types are determined by the order in which the events are presented and the viewpoint taken. Let's take a closer look.

Linear Narrative

A linear narrative presents events in chronological order, meaning the story unfolds in the order they happened. This type of narrative can be told through any form of narration. Linear narratives give readers the sense of watching events unfold in front of their eyes. Pride and Prejudice (1813) is an example of a story told in a linear narrative.

Non-linear Narrative

In a non-linear narrative, the events are presented outside of their chronological order. The timeline of the story is disrupted, often through techniques like flashback or flash-forward. This can add an element of mystery, as the reader may know the outcome of a character but not how they got there. Non-linear narratives are often used to add intrigue and suspense to a story.

In Conclusion

Narrative form is a crucial aspect of storytelling. It allows writers to convey their stories in a way that captivates and engages readers. Understanding the different techniques and approaches used in narrative form can enhance our enjoyment and appreciation of literature. Whether it's a simple linear narrative or a complex non-linear one, narrative form serves as the foundation of all great stories.

Types of Narration

In literature and storytelling, there are three main types of narration: first, second, and third person. Each type offers a unique perspective on the events of a story and can greatly impact the reader's experience.

First Person Narration

In first person narration, the story is told from the perspective of one character, using "I" and "me" pronouns. This allows the reader to fully immerse themselves in the story, experiencing it through the thoughts and feelings of the protagonist.

Second Person Narration

In contrast, second person narration addresses the reader directly, using "you" pronouns. This often creates a sense of involvement and can be seen in choose-your-own-adventure type stories.

Third Person Narration

The third person narration is when an outside narrator tells the story using "he," "she," and "they" pronouns. This allows for an objective and unbiased view of the events, making it easier for the reader to form their own opinions about the story.

Linear Narrative

Linear and non-linear narratives are two methods of storytelling that determine how time is presented in a story. In linear narrative, the events are told in chronological order, making it easier for the reader to follow the story's timeline. An example of a linear narrative is Homer's epic poem, 'The Odyssey'.

Viewpoint Narrative

A viewpoint narrative presents the perspectives of one or more characters. It can be told in either first or third person, depending on the desired effect. In first person, the reader is fully immersed in the protagonist's thoughts and experiences. In third person, the narrator can switch between multiple characters' thoughts and feelings, providing a more comprehensive view of the story. This also allows for the use of an unreliable narrator, keeping the reader on their toes. An example of a viewpoint narrative is Vladimir Nabokov's 'Lolita'.

Quest Narrative

When a story's plot is driven by the desire to achieve a common goal, it is known as a quest narrative. These stories often involve long journeys and characters facing numerous obstacles to reach their aim. One famous example of a quest narrative is J.R.R Tolkien's 'Lord of the Rings'.

Different Forms of Narrative

Aside from the traditional types of narration, there are countless other forms of storytelling that have been used throughout history.

Allegory

An allegory is a narrative device that uses a story to symbolize a hidden meaning or idea. This form of storytelling dates back to the classical world and was popularized during the middle ages. Famous allegorical narratives include John Bunyan's 'The Pilgrim's Progress' and George Orwell's 'Animal Farm'.

Memoir

A memoir is a form of biography that focuses on the author's personal experiences, often from a subjective viewpoint. Unlike an autobiography, a memoir usually centers on a specific event or time period. Notable memoirs include Edmund Ludlow's 'Memoirs of the English Civil War' and Robert Graves' 'Goodbye To All That'.

Folklore

Folklore, also known as oral tradition, refers to stories that were passed down through generations by word of mouth. This ancient form of storytelling includes various styles such as myths, songs, and poems. Almost all cultures have their own folklore, which has been used to preserve cultural values and beliefs. One well-known example is 'Jack and the Beanstalk'.

Short Fiction

Short fiction gained popularity in the 19th century and allowed writers to explore ideas that may not be feasible in longer formats. Some successful short fiction authors include John Cheever and H.H Munro (Saki). Notable short story collections include Raymond Carver's 'What We Talk About When We Talk About Love' and James Joyce's 'Dubliners'.

Other Notable Forms of Narrative

Novels, flash fiction, autobiography, epic poetry, essays, and plays are just a few of the many forms of storytelling that have had a lasting impact on literature. Each offers a unique experience for the reader and continues to shape the world of storytelling.

The Impact of Narrative Form

The choice of narrative form is crucial in how readers experience stories. It can greatly affect their emotional response to characters and events. With a wide range of forms to choose from, writers can cater to various tastes and continue to push the boundaries of storytelling. Ultimately, storytelling remains a vital part of human communication, and its impact will continue to be felt for generations to come.

Exploring Narrative Techniques in the Construction of a Novel

Narrative techniques are crucial in the development of a novel. They play an integral role in how a story is presented and perceived by readers. In this article, we will delve into the four most common narrative techniques used in novels: linear, non-linear, viewpoint, and quest.

• Linear narrative: This technique tells the story in chronological order, following a straight line from beginning to end. The events occur in a linear fashion, providing a clear and straightforward structure for the reader.
• Non-linear narrative: In contrast to a linear narrative, a non-linear technique presents events in a non-chronological order. This can include flashbacks, flash-forwards, or alternate timelines, adding complexity and depth to the story. While challenging for readers to follow, it can also make for a more engaging reading experience.
• Viewpoint narrative: Also known as point of view, this technique refers to the perspective from which the story is told. Writers can choose from first, second, or third person point of view, each offering a distinct way of experiencing the events of the story.
• Quest narrative: This type of narrative focuses on a journey or quest undertaken by the main character. It follows their challenges and obstacles as they strive to achieve a goal or fulfill a mission. The quest narrative can also incorporate elements of other techniques, such as linear or non-linear storytelling.

Now that we have examined the different types of narrative techniques, let's delve into how they are used to develop a story. These techniques serve as tools in a writer's toolbox, and mastering their use can elevate a story to new heights.

• Setting: The setting is a critical aspect of a narrative and can greatly impact the story's development. For example, a non-linear narrative may utilize settings from different time periods to evoke a sense of disorientation or nostalgia.
• Characterization: The way characters are portrayed in a story can be greatly influenced by the narrative technique employed. For instance, a viewpoint narrative can provide insight into a character's inner thoughts and emotions, while a linear narrative may only reveal their actions and dialogue.
• Plot structure: The plot structure refers to the sequence of events in a story and can be constructed in various ways based on the chosen narrative technique. A non-linear narrative, for instance, may use a circular or spiral structure to present the story's events.
• Tone and mood: The tone and mood of a story greatly impact how it is perceived by readers. The narrative technique can shape these elements by controlling the pacing and intensity of events. A linear narrative may have a consistent and straightforward tone, while a non-linear narrative can create a sense of mystery or suspense.

So, how can you write in a narrative form? Writing in a narrative form involves describing a series of events that form a cohesive and compelling story. Understanding the various narrative techniques and how to effectively incorporate them into your writing can help you create a captivating and engaging narrative.

Whether you choose a linear, non-linear, viewpoint, or quest narrative, it is essential to use it effectively to enhance your story and captivate your readers. With these narrative techniques as your guide, you can bring your story to life and leave a lasting impression on your audience.