Sylvia Plath is remembered for her raw and candid poetry, her poignant portrayal of self-destruction, and her tragic suicide. She is widely recognized as one of the most influential female writers of the 20th century. Despite receiving praise and recognition in literary circles during her lifetime, Plath's most famous work was published posthumously, and she never got to witness the extent of her success. In 1982, nearly 20 years after her death, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for her collection, The Collected Poems, which was published in 1981.
Sylvia Plath was born in 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her parents were immigrants, and her father was a professor who met her mother while she was one of his students. Plath had a complex relationship with her father, which worsened when he passed away in 1940 due to diabetes-related health issues. She was just eight years old at the time, and this event sparked a lifelong struggle with religion and mental health.
In 1962, Plath wrote a powerful and emotional poem called "Daddy," which reflected the pain and betrayal she felt towards her father's death.
Following her father's death, Plath's mother moved the family to Wellesley, Massachusetts, where they settled until Plath graduated from high school.
Plath's writing talent was evident from a young age. At the age of eight, her first poem was published in the children's section of the Boston Herald. By her teenage years, she had already been published in several national magazines. While still in high school, she sold her first poem to The Christian Science Monitor and her first short story to Seventeen magazine.
In addition to her writing, Plath also excelled academically. She received a scholarship to attend Smith College, a prestigious women's liberal arts college, where she distinguished herself academically, artistically, and socially. During her third year, Plath won a writing contest, which led to a coveted position as a guest editor at Mademoiselle magazine in New York the following summer.
Despite her accomplishments, Plath began experiencing severe depression during her undergraduate years. In August 1953, at the young age of 20, she attempted suicide by taking sleeping pills. She survived, but her mental health struggles continued, and she spent six months in the hospital receiving electro and insulin shock therapy. Plath later wrote about this experience in her novel, The Bell Jar (1963), which was based on her personal breakdown and recovery.
Plath returned to school and graduated with honors in 1955. She was then awarded a Fulbright Fellowship, which allowed her to continue her education at Cambridge University in England. It was there that she met fellow poet Ted Hughes in February 1956, and the two married in June of the same year. In a 1961 interview, Plath shared the story of their love for writing and how they eventually got married.
Plath and Hughes had two children and divided their time between the United States and England. While Hughes pursued his writing career, Plath taught English. During this time, Plath published her first poetry collection, The Colossus (1960), and her only novel, The Bell Jar (1963).
In 1962, Plath discovered that her husband was having an affair with a married woman who was renting their home. This led to their separation, and Plath moved to London with their two children. Despite the difficult circumstances, Plath experienced a burst of creativity and wrote many of the poems that would later be included in her posthumous collection, Ariel (1965).
Unfortunately, her depression resurfaced, but Plath was determined to complete her poetry collection. Tragically, she ended her life on February 11, 1963, at the age of 30. In January, Plath had sought help from her general practitioner after struggling with depression for several months. Her doctor prescribed a new anti-depressant and visited her daily, as she was considered high-risk living alone with her two young children.
On the morning of her death, Plath barricaded herself in her bedroom, left food for her children, and made sure they were safe in their own rooms. It was a tragic end to the life of a literary icon, but Plath's legacy lives on through her powerful and influential writing.
In the literary world, Sylvia Plath's name carries weight and her writing continues to resonate with readers worldwide. Despite her untimely death, she remains a revered figure and an inspiration for aspiring writers. Her works have stood the test of time and will continue to do so for generations to come.
At 30 years old, Sylvia Plath was laid to rest in St. Thomas' Churchyard, Heptonstall, West Yorkshire, England. However, controversy surrounds her grave as her headstone bears the name "Hughes" – her husband whom she never divorced. Ted Hughes, himself a poet, chose the inscription for her headstone:
"Even amidst fierce flames the golden lotus can be planted."
Plath's life met a tragic end when she committed suicide by inhaling carbon monoxide gas. Nevertheless, her powerful body of work continues to speak for her. Among her notable collections is Collected Poems, which includes two renowned pieces: 'Daddy' (1965) and 'Lady Lazarus' (1965).
In 1962, Plath found closure as she wrote 'Daddy', eight years after her father passed away. Her father was a strict German immigrant who taught biology; his diabetes was ignored until it resulted in his death after a foot amputation.
'Daddy' is a confessional poem that offers a glimpse into Plath's psyche. It begins with the speaker idolizing her father, even referring to him as a God and expressing a desire to "recover him."
But the tone shifts quickly as the speaker uses dark imagery to portray her father as a villain. She compares their relationship to a Nazi hunting a Jew, highlighting her emotional turmoil. Plath also mentions her own unsuccessful suicide attempts as a way to get back at her father. Instead of dying, she replaces him with another man, presumably her husband Ted Hughes whom she married at 23 and stayed with for seven years.
The poem was written shortly after Plath found out about Hughes' affair, and in the end, her father and husband merge into a single "vampiric figure" whom she kills with a stake through the heart.
How do you feel about Plath's use of the suffering of the Holocaust to convey her personal pain? Is it distasteful? Does the fact that her father was German alter your interpretation? Share your thoughts.
Similar to 'Daddy', 'Lady Lazarus' is a confessional poem that delves into Plath's struggles with oppression from the men in her life and its impact on her mental health. The poem contains biblical and historical allusions, comparing Plath's failed suicide attempts to Lazarus' resurrection in the Bible, and her oppression to that of a Jewish person under Nazi rule.
In this poem, Plath expresses her desire to die, feeling trapped in a male-dominated world. However, each time she attempts suicide, she is resurrected by outside forces who watch with amusement, likening them to a "peanut-crunching crowd." With each revival, she becomes less like herself, yet physically remains unchanged.
In the final lines of the poem, she compares herself to the mythical phoenix and declares that she will rise from the ashes once more. This time, she will consume her enemies, the men, "like air."
How does the last line, "I eat men like air," affect you as a reader? What does it reveal about Plath as a person? How does it shape your interpretation of her as a poet? Share your thoughts.
In her semi-autobiographical novel, The Bell Jar, Plath chronicles her descent into depression and her time in a mental hospital following a failed suicide attempt. Although she published the novel under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas, it draws heavily from her personal experiences, with some names changed.
Meet Esther, a bright young writer from the suburbs of Boston, who lands a scholarship to attend college and a prestigious internship at a renowned magazine while living in New York. However, her excitement quickly fades as she becomes disillusioned with the work and the city. Returning home, Esther realizes that her identity was solely based on academic success and feels lost without it. To make matters worse, society expects her to conform to traditional female roles that she has no interest in.
Amidst growing depression, Esther turns to a psychiatrist who suggests electroconvulsive therapy, which only worsens her mental state. As a result, she attempts suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills.
The novel ends with Esther being admitted to a mental hospital, where she undergoes electroshock therapy and insulin shock therapy, with doctors deciding whether she can return to school or not.
What many may not know is that Sylvia Plath, the author of the novel, was able to leave the mental hospital and return to school. However, she tragically took her own life less than a decade later. With The Bell Jar being semi-autobiographical, it raises the question - does knowing about Plath's personal life and untimely death impact how readers perceive the story? Does her background shape our understanding of the protagonist, Esther?
Sylvia Plath is renowned for her profound quotes, often revolving around themes of mental health, disillusionment, and female oppression in a male-dominated society. As her poetry is largely autobiographical and confessional, it reflects her own struggles and conflicts.
However, it is important to note that the speaker or narrator in Plath's works is not always the author herself. While her poetry may be confessional, it serves as a means for Plath to process her thoughts and emotions, rather than being a direct reflection of her life.
Plath's confessional-style poetry allowed her to express her innermost feelings, but it is not always clear which emotions and actions belonged to her and which were dramatized for poetic effect.
Her most notable quotes speak to her themes of oppression, self-destruction, mental anguish, and disillusionment, such as this one from her journal entries: "I can never read all the books I want; I can never be all the people I want and live all the lives I want. I can never train myself in all the skills I want. And why do I want? I want to live and feel all the shades, tones, and variations of mental and physical experience possible in my life. And I am horribly limited."
This quote, taken from The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, highlights her disillusionment with societal limitations placed on women and her desire to experience everything.
Plath's ongoing struggles with her mental health are evident in her use of various treatments, including electro and insulin shock therapy, yet they ultimately prove unsuccessful as she continues to battle depression throughout her life.
Another poignant quote from The Bell Jar is: "If you expect nothing from somebody you are never disappointed."
While spoken by a fictional character, this quote is often seen as a reflection of Plath's own experiences with mental health and the lack of support she felt from those closest to her.
Plath once described her life as being run by two electric currents - joyous and positive, and despairing and negative. Her poignant words continue to offer insight into the complexities of mental health and the struggles of women in a patriarchal society.
Have you read The Bell Jar? Share your thoughts in the comments section.
Sylvia Plath, one of the most celebrated American poets, was born in Massachusetts in 1932. Throughout her life, she experienced both immense creativity and intense mental anguish, likely stemming from her struggles with bipolar II disorder or manic depression. It was not until 1980 that this disorder was officially recognized, but experts believe that Plath exhibited clear symptoms and behaviors throughout her life.
Plath's inner turmoil can be seen in her journal entries, such as one from 1953 where she describes her emotional highs and lows. This quote provides a glimpse into the intense nature of her mental state and sheds light on her self-destructive tendencies.
Plath's childhood was marked by the loss of her father at a young age, which had a profound impact on her feelings of abandonment and insecurity. These feelings were later reflected in her famous poem "Daddy," which delves into her complex relationship with her father.
Despite her challenges, Plath showed a talent for writing from a young age. She even had her work published as a teenager, setting the stage for her future success as a poet.
With a scholarship and grant, Plath continued her studies in both Massachusetts and England, where she met fellow poet Ted Hughes. They married quickly and had two children, but their marriage was troubled and ultimately ended due to Hughes' infidelity.
Plath's struggles with depression began during her undergraduate years and continued until her tragic death on February 11, 1963, when she took her own life. Two years later, her posthumous collection, Ariel, was published, containing many of her most famous works.
In her writing, Plath often used metaphors and imagery to convey her inner turmoil, such as the image of an electric current with both positive and negative ends. This powerful imagery, coupled with her confessional style, made her an influential figure in poetry.
Plath's final resting place is in England, where she is buried in St. Thomas' Churchyard. Her impact as a poet, particularly in the exploration of themes like mental health, female sexuality, and oppression, continues to be felt and admired by readers.
Sylvia Plath was not only a talented poet but also a victim of mental illness. Despite her tragic end, her legacy lives on through her powerful words, which continue to inspire and resonate with audiences. She will always be remembered as a creative genius who bravely shared her pain through her writing.
