Le Chatelier's Principle is a crucial tool for businesses in industry. As a business, you want to make as much product as possible while keeping costs low to make the most money. By using Le Chatelier's Principle, we can change the conditions of a reaction to make it produce more of the product we want. This is called finding the compromise conditions. In this article, we'll talk about how Le Chatelier's Principle is used in real-life situations. We'll look at four examples of how it's used to maximise yield and profits.
Industrial processes like making fertiliser or sulphuric acid are all about maximizing profit. To do this, we need to get the most product we can while keeping costs low. Le Chatelier's principle helps us increase the yield of certain products in reversible reactions and make more money.
But we can't just focus on yield. We also need to think about factors like temperature and pressure. Lowering the temperature might increase yield but make the reaction too slow to be useful. On the other hand, increasing temperature or pressure could be too expensive. That's why we use compromise conditions - they balance all these factors to find the best option.
Le Chatelier's principle is crucial for finding the most profitable combination of reactants and conditions. Without it, our industrial processes would be much less efficient. In this article, we'll look at some real-life examples of how Le Chatelier's principle is used in industry.
Now let's dive into some real-life examples of how Le Chatelier's principle is used in industry. We'll explore four different compounds:
Here's a breakdown of how each of these compounds is made using Le Chatelier's principle.
Methanol is made by reacting synthesis gas, which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, with a copper catalyst. It has the following equation:
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) ΔH = -91 kJ mol-1
You should now be able to predict the effect of certain conditions on the yield of methanol:
The forward reaction is exothermic. This means a lower temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right and increases the yield of methanol. However, a temperature that is too low slows down the rate of reaction and so a compromise temperature of 500 K is used.The forward reaction produces fewer moles of gas. This means that increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium to the right and increases the yield of methanol. However, maintaining a high pressure is expensive, and so a compromise pressure of 10,000 kPa is used.
33 million tonnes of methanol are produced every year. Most of it is used to make methanal, an aldehyde further transformed into many types of plastics. However, methanol is also seeing a surge in popularity as a fuel. It can be used in typical diesel and petrol cars with little modification to their existing engines and is even being tested in boats.
Next, we’ll take a look at making another alcohol, ethanol.
When it comes to making ethanol using the hydration of ethene, Le Chatelier's principle plays a crucial role in maximizing yield while keeping costs in check.
The reaction is exothermic, meaning that a lower temperature will increase the yield of ethanol. However, too low a temperature will slow down the reaction too much, so a compromise temperature of 570 K is used.
The forward reaction produces fewer moles of gas, so increasing pressure will shift the equilibrium to the right and increase the yield of ethanol. However, maintaining high pressure is expensive, so a compromise pressure of 6,500 kPa is used.
Adding excess steam also increases the yield of ethanol, but too much steam dilutes the catalyst and slows down the reaction. Instead, ethanol is removed as it is formed, decreasing its concentration and favoring the forward reaction. Ethene and steam are then repeatedly recycled over the catalyst.
Overall, Le Chatelier's principle helps find the balance between yield and cost in the production of ethanol using the hydration of ethene. Ethanol is not only used in alcoholic drinks but also plays a crucial role as an antimicrobial agent, destroying microorganisms by disrupting their lipid bilayer membrane and denaturing their proteins
Le Chatelier's principle plays a crucial role in the industrial production of various compounds, such as methanol, ethanol, sulphuric acid, and ammonia.
In the production of ethanol using the hydration of ethene, Le Chatelier's principle helps find the balance between yield and cost by adjusting temperature, pressure, and steam concentration. The same principle is applied in the Contact process for the reversible reaction of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide. By adjusting temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration, the yield of sulphur trioxide can be increased.
The Haber process for ammonia production also uses Le Chatelier's principle to increase yield by adjusting temperature and pressure. In all of these processes, product is removed, and unreacted gases are recycled to increase yield.
Overall, Le Chatelier's principle helps industries find a balance between yield and cost, allowing for the efficient production of various compounds used in fertilizers, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and even explosives.
What are the methods of Le Chatelier's Principle application?
We can use Le Chatelier’s principle to increase the profits and yields of many industrial reversible reactions by looking at the effect of changing conditions on the position of equilibrium. For example, the reaction’s equation might tell you that increasing the pressure increases the equilibrium yield. We can therefore apply this to the reaction in industry in order to maximise profit.
What are the effects and impact of the application of Le Chatelier's Principle?
Le Chatelier’s principle allows us to change the conditions of an equilibrium in order to shift its position. It is important in industry because it helps to increase yield and maximise profit.
What are the types of predictions that occur from Le Chatelier's Principle application?
By using Le Chatelier’s principle, we can predict how changing the conditions of an equilibrium reaction affects the position of the equilibrium and influences yield. For example, the Haber process is used to make ammonia and involves a reversible reaction. Le Chatelier’s principle tells us that the useful forward reaction is favoured by a higher pressure, and so this is taken into consideration when considering the reaction conditions in industry.
What are some examples of Le Chatelier's Principle application?
Examples of Le Chatelier’s principle include synthesising methanol and ammonia. They both involve reversible reactions, and Le Chatelier’s principle helps us find the best conditions to balance cost and yield.
How is Le Chatelier's principle used in real life?
Le Chatelier’s principle is used in real life to increase the profitability and yield of reversible reactions. One example of this is the Haber process, used to make ammonia. Le Chatelier’s principle tells us that increasing the pressure increases the yield of ammonia, and so this is taken into consideration when choosing reaction conditions.
