Haemodialysis
Mechanism: Bloodinterfaces with dialysis fluid across a semi-permeable membrane. Small solutes diffuse easily bydiffusion, larger solutes less easily. May be continuous orintermittent
Complications: Cerebral oedema, headaches,hypotension, immune reactions, hypoxia, line sepsis, fistula thrombosis,stenosis, aneurysm.
Haemofiltration
Mechanism: Blood isfiltered continuously across a permeable membrane with waste removed byconvection and fluid removed replaced with a buffered solution. Good atremoving larger solutes. More costly and takes longerthan haemodialysis but more haemodynamically stable so good for critically illpatients
Complications: As for haemodialysisbut more haemodynamically stable
Mechanism: Dialysis fluidis introduced into the abdominal cavity via a Tenckhoff catheter and filteredacross the peritoneal membrane. Allows for continuous ambulatoryperitoneal dialysis or automated peritoneal dialysis requiring minimalequipment and is more convenient for patients.
Complications: Peritonitis, catheter-siteinfection, incisional hernias, catheter blockage, membrane dysfunction
