Pathology: Narrowing of the renal artery, also known as renal artery stenosis, is the narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys.
Aetiology: The etiology of renal artery stenosis is typically atherosclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, and scar formation.
Symptoms: The primary symptoms of renal artery stenosis include renal failure and hypertension.
Signs: The signs of renal artery stenosis are typically hypertension, pulmonary oedema, and a renal artery bruit.
Investigations: The necessary investigations for a diagnosis of renal artery stenosis include a full blood count, urea and electrolytes, clotting assessment, an angiogram or magnetic resonance angiogram, and a renal ultrasound.
Imaging: Angiogram, MRA, Renal ultrasound
Treatment: The primary treatment for renal artery stenosis is medical therapy, usually control of blood pressure, and in more severe cases, surgical interventions such as artery stenting, angioplasty, and other similar interventions may be necessary.
Complications: Complications of renal artery stenosis may include chronic renal failure, pulmonary oedema, and malignant hypertension.
Prognosis: The prognosis of patients with renal artery stenosis is usually very good with proper treatment.
