Pathology:
Antibody mediated destruction of megakaryocytes and platelets is the primary pathology of this condition.
Aetiology:
The exact cause of this pathology is largely unknown, though it is often preceded by a viral infection in children.
Symptoms:
- Easy bruising
- Menorrhagia (abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding)
- Epistaxis (nosebleed)
- Prolonged bleeding
Signs:
Purpura (spontaneous discoloration of the skin caused by tiny blood vessel hemorrhages)
Investigations:
- Bloods: A full blood count (FBC) will show a decreased platelet count, while the clotting screen should be normal.
- Blood Film: Giant platelets may be observed.
- Bone Marrow Biopsy: The number of megakaryocytes may be normal or increased.
Treatment:
- Medical: If platelet count is <30 x109/L, steroids or immunosuppression therapy should be considered.
- Surgical: Splenectomy is also an option.
Complications:
Life-threatening bleeding may occur, and risk of life-threatening infections may arise following splenectomy or immunosuppression.
Prognosis:
The prognosis for this condition is good if treated early.
