The atria contract at approximately 240-300bpm
The atrial impulses are usually conducted to the ventricles in a 2:1 manner
resulting in a ventricular rate of approximately 150bpm
Structural or Valvular heart disease (mainly mitral stenosis)
Ischaemic heart disease/Hypertension/Congestive Heart Failure
Excessive alcohol consumption (>3drinks/day)
Pulmonary diseases (COPD/PE)
Post Cardiothoracic surgery
Hyperthyroidism
Tachycardia. Regular pulse.
Palpitations, syncope, heart failure.
ECG: Saw-tooth pattern
Rhythm control: Anti-arrhythmics, pacing wire, anti-coagulation
Curative: pacing wire, ablation, and anticoagulation
Stroke, TIA, impaired exercise capacity, heart failure and dementia
Atrial flutter leads to an increased mortality
